ADSSystem

Advertising Economics glossary

In one line

115 terms from Advertising Economics, each defined in a sentence or two, with a link to the calculator that works the number out where one exists.

A19
Acquisition Cost

What it costs to win a customer.

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Ad Economics

The same idea, shortened.

Ad Response Curve

The same plotted. Steep at first, then flattening.

Ad-to-Sales Ratio

The same measure, shortened.

Advertising Budget Elasticity

How much results change when the budget changes. Rarely one to one.

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Advertising Demand

How much advertisers want to buy. Rises with retail seasonality and drives your costs up with it.

Advertising Economics

How advertising spend converts into demand, revenue and profit, and where it stops doing so.

Advertising Effectiveness

Whether the advertising worked at all, separate from how cheaply it ran.

Advertising Efficiency

How little waste sits between spend and result.

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Advertising Intensity

How heavily a category advertises relative to its size.

Advertising Investment

Ad spend framed as capital deployed rather than cost incurred.

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Advertising Investment Efficiency

Return per unit of that capital.

Advertising Output

What the spend produced, in impressions, clicks or sales.

Advertising Productivity

Output produced per unit of ad spend.

Advertising Response Function

The mathematical relationship between spend and outcome.

Advertising Supply

How much inventory exists to sell. Fixed in the short run, which is why prices spike in Q4.

Advertising Yield

Return generated per unit of spend.

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Advertising-to-Sales Ratio

Ad spend as a share of revenue. The simplest benchmark for whether you are spending like your category.

Agency Fee

What an agency charges, whether on retainer or as a share of spend.

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B5
Blended ROAS

Total revenue over total ad spend across everything.

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Budget Constraint

The limit on what you can spend, whatever the opportunity.

Budget Efficiency

How much result each unit of budget produced.

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Budget Trade-Off

What you give up by funding one thing over another.

Burn Multiple

Cash burned per unit of new recurring revenue. Lower is better, and it exposes inefficient growth fast.

C19
Campaign ROI

Return on one campaign after margin.

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Capital Efficiency

How much was built per unit of capital consumed.

Cash Conversion Cycle

How long cash is tied up between paying suppliers and collecting from customers.

Channel Mix

The balance between routes to market.

COGS

Short for cost of goods sold.

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Cohort Economics

The same analysed by joining group.

Contribution Margin Percentage

Contribution as a share of price.

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Contribution Profit

What is left after variable costs, before fixed costs.

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Contribution ROAS

ROAS on contribution after every variable cost. The strictest and most honest version.

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Cost Effectiveness

Whether the result was worth the cost at all.

Cost Efficiency

Achieving the same result for less.

Cost of Goods Sold

The direct cost of the product itself.

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Cost of Revenue

Everything spent to deliver what was sold.

Creative Production Cost

What making the assets cost. Amortise it across their useful life.

Creative ROI

Return attributable to a creative asset.

Customer Acquisition Cost

The same figure per customer.

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Customer Concentration

How much revenue rests on your largest accounts.

Customer Economics

What one customer costs, earns and is worth over time.

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Customer Mix

The balance between customer types and what each is worth.

D5
Demand Generation ROI

Return on activity aimed at creating demand rather than capturing it.

Diminishing Returns

Each additional unit of spend producing less than the one before. The defining feature of media buying.

Direct Cost

Cost traceable to a specific product or order.

Diseconomies of Scale

Unit costs rising as you get bigger. Media buying hits this early.

Distribution Cost

Cost of getting the product to the customer.

E4
Economic Value Added

Profit after the cost of the capital used to produce it.

Economies of Scale

Unit costs falling as you get bigger.

Efficiency Multiple

Output achieved per unit of input.

Experience Curve

The same effect across a whole organisation over years.

F3
Financial Leverage

Using debt to amplify returns, and losses.

Fixed Cost

Cost that does not move with volume. Rent, salaries, software.

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Fulfillment Cost

Picking, packing and shipping. Variable, and routinely left out of ROAS targets.

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G9
Geographic Mix

The balance between markets, each with its own margin.

Gross Margin ROAS

ROAS calculated on gross margin rather than revenue.

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Gross Profit Margin

Gross profit as a share of revenue.

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Gross Revenue

Total money in, before any deduction.

Gross Sales

Sales before deductions.

Growth Efficiency

Growth achieved per unit of spend.

Growth Margin

Margin on incremental growth rather than the base.

Growth Multiple

Growth achieved relative to investment made.

Growth Rate

Percentage change over a period.

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I5
Incremental Contribution

Contribution created by the extra activity.

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Incremental Margin

Margin on the additional volume rather than the average.

Incremental Profit

Profit that would not have existed without the activity.

Incremental ROAS

Return counting only revenue the ads actually caused.

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Indirect Cost

Shared cost that has to be allocated somehow.

L2
Learning Curve

Costs falling as the team gets better at the work.

LTV:CAC Ratio

Lifetime value against acquisition cost. Three to one is the common target, and it says nothing about how long you wait.

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M13
Magic Number

New recurring revenue divided by prior period sales and marketing spend. Above one means spend more.

Margin Mix

How the blend of what you sold changed overall margin.

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Marginal Ad Spend

The next unit of budget, not the average. It always performs worse than what came before.

Marginal Cost

Cost of producing one more unit.

Marginal Profit

What is left from that additional unit. When it hits zero, stop scaling.

Marginal Return

What that next unit produced.

Marginal Revenue

Revenue from one more unit of activity.

Marketing Efficiency

Revenue or contribution produced per unit of marketing cost.

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Marketing Leverage

How much extra revenue each marketing pound produces at current scale.

Marketing ROI

Return on total marketing cost, measured on profit.

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Marketplace Fee

The marketplace cut of each sale.

Media Fee

A charge applied on top of media cost.

Media ROI

Return on media spend specifically.

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N2
Net Revenue

Revenue after returns, discounts and allowances. The number margin should be calculated on.

Net Sales

Another name for net revenue.

O4
Operating Leverage

How much profit moves when revenue moves. High fixed costs mean big swings both ways.

Opportunity Cost

The value of the best option you did not take.

Optimal Ad Spend

The point where marginal profit reaches zero. Spend past it and you are buying revenue with profit.

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Optimal Budget

The budget that maximises profit rather than volume.

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P7
Payback Economics

How quickly acquisition spend returns as cash.

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Payment Processing Cost

What the payment provider takes. Small per order, large across a year.

Platform Fee

What the platform charges for access to its customers.

Pricing Mix

The balance between price points and how it moves the average.

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Product Mix

The balance of products sold. Mix shifts move blended margin without any price changing.

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Profit Multiple

Valuation as a multiple of profit. Harsher, and more honest.

Profit ROAS

ROAS on profit. Also called POAS, and the version that reflects reality.

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R6
Revenue Concentration

How much of revenue depends on a few customers or products. A risk measure.

Revenue Leverage

How much revenue grows relative to the effort behind it.

Revenue Multiple

Valuation expressed as a multiple of revenue.

Revenue Quality

How predictable and durable the revenue is, not just how large.

Revenue ROAS

ROAS on revenue. The default, and the least useful version.

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Rule of 40

Growth rate plus profit margin should exceed forty. A quick health check for software businesses.

S5
Sales Efficiency

Revenue produced per unit of sales cost.

Saturation Point

Where extra spend produces almost nothing. Most accounts are closer to it than they think.

Scale Economics

How unit costs change as volume grows.

Scale Efficiency

Whether growth is making the business more efficient or just larger.

Semi-Variable Cost

Cost with a fixed base and a variable part, such as a platform fee plus usage.

T3
Technology Fee

What the tools take, usually as a percentage of spend.

Total Cost of Acquisition

Everything spent to win a customer, media and non-media.

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Transaction Cost

The cost of completing the exchange itself.

U2
Unit Contribution

Price minus variable cost per unit.

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Unit Profit

Profit on one unit sold.

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W2
Working Capital

The money needed to keep operating day to day.

Working Capital Intensity

How much working capital each unit of revenue demands.